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- #CARD:Burundi:Geography
- #IMAGE 49 66 TWPCX \maps\Burundi.PCX
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK Click Here for MAP
- Burundi
- Geography
-
-
- Location:
- Central Africa, between Tanzania and Zaire
- Map references:
- Africa, Standard Time Zones of the World
- Area:
- total area:
- 27,830 km2
- land area:
- 25,650 km2
- comparative area:
- slightly larger than Maryland
- Land boundaries:
- total 974 km, Rwanda 290 km, Tanzania 451 km, Zaire 233 km
- Coastline:
- 0 km (landlocked)
- Maritime claims:
- none; landlocked
- International disputes:
- none
- Climate:
- temperate; warm; occasional frost in uplands
- Terrain:
- mostly rolling to hilly highland; some plains
- Natural resources:
- nickel, uranium, rare earth oxide, peat, cobalt, copper, platinum (not yet
- exploited), vanadium
- Land use:
- arable land:
- 43%
- permanent crops:
- 8%
- meadows and pastures:
- 35%
- forest and woodland:
- 2%
- other:
- 12%
- Irrigated land:
- 720 km2 (1989 est.)
- Environment:
- soil exhaustion; soil erosion; deforestation
- Note:
- landlocked; straddles crest of the Nile-Congo watershed
-
- #ENDCARD
- #CARD:Burundi:People
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Burundi
- People
-
-
- Population:
- 5,985,308 (July 1993 est.)
- Population growth rate:
- 2.34% (1993 est.)
- Birth rate:
- 44.69 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)
- Death rate:
- 21.25 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)
- Net migration rate:
- 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)
- Infant mortality rate:
- 115.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)
- Life expectancy at birth:
- total population:
- 40.75 years
- male:
- 38.79 years
- female:
- 42.76 years (1993 est.)
- Total fertility rate:
- 6.76 children born/woman (1993 est.)
- Nationality:
- noun:
- Burundian(s)
- adjective:
- Burundi
- Ethnic divisions:
- Africans:
- Hutu (Bantu) 85%, Tutsi (Hamitic) 14%, Twa (Pygmy) 1% (other Africans
- include about 70,000 refugees, mostly Rwandans and Zairians)
- non-Africans:
- Europeans 3,000, South Asians 2,000
- Religions:
- Christian 67% (Roman Catholic 62%, Protestant 5%), indigenous beliefs 32%,
- Muslim 1%
- Languages:
- Kirundi (official), French (official), Swahili (along Lake Tanganyika and in
- the Bujumbura area)
- Literacy:
- age 15 and over can read and write (1990)
- total population:
- 50%
- male:
- 61%
- female:
- 40%
- Labor force:
- 1.9 million (1983 est.)
- by occupation:
- agriculture 93.0%, government 4.0%, industry and commerce 1.5%, services
- 1.5%
- note:
- 52% of population of working age (1985)
-
- #ENDCARD
- #CARD:Burundi:Government
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Burundi
- Government
-
-
- Names:
- conventional long form:
- Republic of Burundi
- conventional short form:
- Burundi
- local long form:
- Republika y'u Burundi
- local short form:
- Burundi
- Digraph:
- BY
- Type:
- republic
- Capital:
- Bujumbura
- Administrative divisions:
- 15 provinces; Bubanza, Bujumbura, Bururi, Cankuzo, Cibitoke, Gitega, Karuzi,
- Kayanza, Kirundo, Makamba, Muramvya, Muyinga, Ngozi, Rutana, Ruyigi
- Independence:
- 1 July 1962 (from UN trusteeship under Belgian administration)
- Constitution:
- 13 March 1992 draft provides for establishment of plural political system
- Legal system:
- based on German and Belgian civil codes and customary law; has not accepted
- compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
- National holiday:
- Independence Day, 1 July (1962)
- Political parties and leaders:
- only party - National Party of Unity and Progress (UPRONA), Nicolas MAYUGI,
- secretary general;
- note:
- although Burundi is still officially a one-party state, at least four
- political parties were formed in 1991 and set the precedent for
- constitutional reform in 1992 - Burundi Democratic Front (FRODEBU),
- Organization of the People of Burundi (RPB), Socialist Party of Burundi
- (PSB), Royalist Parliamentary Party (PRP) - the most significant opposition
- party is FRODEBU, led by Melchior NDADAYE; the Party for the Liberation of
- the Hutu People (PALIPEHUTU), formed in exile in the early 1980s, is an
- ethnically based political party dedicated to majority rule; the government
- has long accused PALIPEHUTU of practicing devisive ethnic politics and
- fomenting violence against the state; PALIPEHUTU's exclusivist charter makes
- it an unlikely candidate for legalization under the new constitution that
- will require party membership open to all ethnic groups
- Suffrage:
- universal adult at age NA
- Elections:
- National Assembly:
- note - The National Unity Charter outlining the principles for
- constitutional government was adopted by a national referendum on 5 February
- 1991; new elections to the National Assembly are to take place 29 June 1993;
- presidential elections are to take place 1 June 1993
- Executive branch:
- president; chairman of the Central Committee of the National Party of Unity
- and Progress (UPRONA), prime minister
-
- #ENDCARD
- #CARD:Burundi:Government
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Burundi
- Government
- Legislative branch:
- unicameral National Assembly (Assemblee Nationale) was dissolved following
- the coup of 3 September 1987; at an extraordinary party congress held from
- 27 to 29 December 1990, the Central Committee of the National Party of Unity
- and Progress (UPRONA) replaced the Military Committee for National
- Salvation, and became the supreme governing body during the transition to
- constitutional government
- Judicial branch:
- Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)
- Leaders:
- Chief of State:
- President Major Pierre BUYOYA (since 9 September 1987)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Adrien SIBOMANA (since 26 October 1988)
- Member of:
- ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEEAC, CEPGL, ECA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IDA,
- IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTERPOL, ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO,
- UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
- Diplomatic representation in US:
- chief of mission:
- Ambassador Julien KAVAKURE
- chancery:
- Suite 212, 2233 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007
- telephone:
- (202) 342-2574
- US diplomatic representation:
- chief of mission:
- Ambassador Cynthia Shepherd PERRY
- embassy:
- Avenue des Etats-Unis, Bujumbura
- mailing address:
- B. P. 1720, Bujumbura
- telephone:
- [257] (223) 454
- FAX:
- [257] (222) 926
- Flag:
- divided by a white diagonal cross into red panels (top and bottom) and green
- panels (hoist side and outer side) with a white disk superimposed at the
- center bearing three red six-pointed stars outlined in green arranged in a
- triangular design (one star above, two stars below)
-
- #ENDCARD
- #CARD:Burundi:Economy
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Burundi
- Economy
-
-
- Overview:
- A landlocked, resource-poor country in an early stage of economic
- development, Burundi is predominately agricultural with only a few basic
- industries. Its economic health depends on the coffee crop, which accounts
- for an average 90% of foreign exchange earnings each year. The ability to
- pay for imports therefore continues to rest largely on the vagaries of the
- climate and the international coffee market. As part of its economic reform
- agenda, launched in February 1991 with IMF and World Bank support, Burundi
- is trying to diversify its agricultural exports and attract foreign
- investment in industry. Several state-owned coffee companies were privatized
- via public auction in September 1991.
- National product:
- GDP - exchange rate conversion - $1.23 billion (1991 est.)
- National product real growth rate:
- 5% (1991 est.)
- National product per capita:
- $205 (1991 est.)
- Inflation rate (consumer prices):
- 9% (1991 est.)
- Unemployment rate:
- NA%
- Budget:
- revenues $318 million; expenditures $326 million, including capital
- expenditures of $150 million (1991 est.)
- Exports:
- $91.7 million (f.o.b., 1991)
- commodities:
- coffee 81%, tea, hides, and skins
- partners:
- EC 83%, US 5%, Asia 2%
- Imports:
- $246 million (c.i.f., 1991)
- commodities:
- capital goods 31%, petroleum products 15%, foodstuffs, consumer goods
- partners:
- EC 57%, Asia 23%, US 3%
- External debt:
- $1 billion (1990 est.)
- Industrial production:
- real growth rate 11.0% (1991 est.); accounts for about 5% of GDP
- Electricity:
- 55,000 kW capacity; 105 million kWh produced, 20 kWh per capita (1991)
- Industries:
- light consumer goods such as blankets, shoes, soap; assembly of imports;
- public works construction; food processing
- Agriculture:
- accounts for 60% of GDP; 90% of population dependent on subsistence farming;
- marginally self-sufficient in food production; cash crops - coffee, cotton,
- tea; food crops - corn, sorghum, sweet potatoes, bananas, manioc; livestock
- - meat, milk, hides and skins
- Economic aid:
- US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $71 million; Western (non-US)
- countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $10.2 billion; OPEC
- bilateral aid (1979-89), $32 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $175
- million
- Currency:
- 1 Burundi franc (FBu) = 100 centimes
-
- #ENDCARD
- #CARD:Burundi:Economy
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Burundi
- Economy
- Exchange rates:
- Burundi francs (FBu) per US$1 - 235.75 (January 1993), 208.30 (1992), 181.51
- (1991), 171.26 (1990), 158.67 (1989), 140.40 (1988)
- Fiscal year:
- calendar year
-
- #ENDCARD
- #CARD:Burundi:Communications
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Burundi
- Communications
-
-
- Highways:
- 5,900 km total; 400 km paved, 2,500 km gravel or laterite, 3,000 km improved
- or unimproved earth
- Inland waterways:
- Lake Tanganyika
- Ports:
- Bujumbura (lake port) connects to transportation systems of Tanzania and
- Zaire
- Airports:
- total:
- 5
- usable:
- 4
- with permanent-surface runways:
- 1
- with runways over 3,659 m:
- 0
- with runways 2,440-3,659 m:
- 1
- with runways 1,220-2,439 m:
- 4
- Telecommunications:
- sparse system of wire, radiocommunications, and low-capacity microwave radio
- relay links; 8,000 telephones; broadcast stations - 2 AM, 2 FM, 1 TV; 1
- Indian Ocean INTELSAT earth station
-
- #ENDCARD
- #CARD:Burundi:Defense Forces
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Burundi
- Defense Forces
-
-
- Branches:
- Army (includes naval and air units), paramilitary Gendarmerie
- Manpower availability:
- males age 15-49 1,283,308; fit for military service 670,381; reach military
- age (16) annually 62,700 (1993 est.)
- Defense expenditures:
- exchange rate conversion - $28 million, 3.7% of GDP (1989)
-
- #ENDCARD
-